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USN Advice: Terminology

 

Term
Description
Aerobic
Living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen
Alternated grip
One hand is in a pronated grip and the other is in a supinated grip.
Anaerobic
Living without oxygen
Anterior
Placed before or in front
Ballistic
Typically involves active muscular effort and uses a bouncing-type movement in which the end position is not held.
Barbell
Weights attached to a bar
Basal metabolic rate
The level of energy required to sustain the body's vital functions in the waking state.
Body Composition
Relative proportion by weight of fat and lean tissue
Body Mass Index
A measurement of the relative percentages of fat and muscle mass in the human body, in which weight in kilograms is divided by height in meters and the result used as an index of obesity. Body Type - Every individual differs by the genetics he/she received.
Basically there are three main body types you could be part of:
1. Mesomorph
The mesomorph has well-defined muscles and large bones. The torso tapers to a relatively narrow and low waist. The bones and muscles of the head are prominent. Features of the face are clearly defined, such as cheekbones and a square, heavy jaw. The face is long and broad and is cube shaped. Arms and legs are developed and even the digits of the hand are muscled.
2. Endomorph
The body of the extreme endomorph is round and soft. The physique presents the illusion that much of the mass has been concentrated in the abdominal area. This may or may not be true. The arms and legs of the extreme endomorph are short in length and taper. This may give the appearance of stalkiness. The hands and feet of the endomorph are comparatively small, and the upper arms and thighs are often more developed than the lower parts of the arms or legs. The body has a high waist.
3. Ectomorph
This is the body type that you were born with. The extreme ectomorph physique is a fragile and delicate one. The bones are light, joints are small and muscles are slight. The limbs are relatively long in proportion and the shoulders droop. The ectomorph is a linear physique, straight up and straight down and may appear longer than he or she really is, due to the length of limbs coupled with lack of muscle mass developed on those limbs. The ectomorph is not naturally powerful and will have to work hard for every ounce of muscle and every bit of strength he or she can gain.
Cardio-respiratory fitness
The ability to deliver and use oxygen under the demands of intensive, prolonged exercise or work
Compound Set
Sequentially performing two different exercises for the same muscle group
Decline
Shoulders lower than hips.
Dynamic stretching
Refers to the available range of motion during active movements, and therefore requires voluntary muscle action
Extended
To open or straighten out.. To stretch or spread out to greater or fullest length. .To exert vigorously or to full capacity
Flexed
To bend a joint
Flexibility
Range of motion about a body joint
Hypertrophy
The muscular enlargement that results from resistance training.
Incline
Shoulder higher than hips
Lactate Threshold
The exercise intensity or relative intensity at which blood lactate begins an abrupt increase above the baseline concentration
Multi joint excercise
Involvement of two or more primary joints
Maximum Heart Rate
Maximum Heart Rate is the highest number of times your heart can contract in one minute. Max HR is the most useful tool to be used in determining training intensities, because it can be individually measured or predicted. One-Repetition Maximum - The greatest amount of weight that can be lifted with proper technique for only one repetition
Overload
Refers to assigning a workout or training regime of greater intensity than the athlete is accustomed to.
Overtraining
Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in fatigue (which is also due to a lack of proper rest and recovery)
Parallel
Being an equal distance apart everywhere
Plateau
When an individual's adaptation or performance levels off or gets worse, a plateau has been reached and retrogression has occurred.
Posterior
Located behind a part or toward the rear of a structure
Pronated grip
Palms down and knuckles up, also called the overhand grip
Rate of Perceived Exertion
Used to regulate intensity. How hard you exercise is measured on a scale 6 to 20. (6 - No exertion at all and 20 - Maximal exertion)
Recovery Period of time it takes your body and heart rate to go back to normal
Repetitions The act or process or an instance of repeating or being repeated
Repetition Maximum Most weight lifted for a specified number of repetitions
Resistance training Specialized method of conditioning that involves the progressive use of resistance to increase one's ability to exert or resist force.
Resting metabolic rate Defined as the energy expended while an individual is resting quietly in a supine position
Retrogression Reversal of achieved physiological adaptation that occurs when training stops (detraining)
Single joint exercises Involvement of only one primary joint
Split routine Different muscle groups are trained on different days.
Spotter Is someone who assists in the execution of an exercise to help protect the athlete from injury. A spotter may also serve to motivate the athlete.
Static stretching Range of possible movement about a joint, and its surrounding muscles during a passive movement. Requires no voluntary muscular activity, an external force, such as gravity, a partner or a machine provides the force for the stretch.
Supinated grip Palms up and knuckles down, also called the underhand grip
Supine position Lying face up.
Superset Involves two exercises that stress two opposing muscles or muscle areas
Target heart rate Target Heart Rate (THR) is a common way of judging how hard you should exercise during endurance activities
VO2 Max The volume of oxygen you can consume while exercising at your maximum capacity can measure fitness. VO2 Max is the maximum amount of oxygen in millilitres one can use in one minute per kilogram of body weight.