|
|
Description |
Aerobic |
Living or
occurring only in the presence of oxygen |
Alternated
grip |
One hand
is in a pronated grip and the other is in a supinated grip. |
Anaerobic |
Living without
oxygen |
Anterior |
Placed before
or in front |
Ballistic |
Typically
involves active muscular effort and uses a bouncing-type
movement in which the end position is not held. |
Barbell |
Weights
attached to a bar |
Basal
metabolic rate |
The level
of energy required to sustain the body's vital functions
in the waking state. |
Body
Composition |
Relative
proportion by weight of fat and lean tissue |
Body
Mass Index |
A
measurement of the relative percentages of fat and muscle
mass in the human body, in which weight in kilograms is
divided by height in meters and the result used as an index
of obesity. Body Type - Every individual differs by the
genetics he/she received.
Basically there are three
main body types you could be part of: |
1.
Mesomorph |
The mesomorph
has well-defined muscles and large bones. The torso tapers
to a relatively narrow and low waist. The bones and muscles
of the head are prominent. Features of the face are clearly
defined, such as cheekbones and a square, heavy jaw. The
face is long and broad and is cube shaped. Arms and legs
are developed and even the digits of the hand are muscled. |
2.
Endomorph |
The body
of the extreme endomorph is round and soft. The physique
presents the illusion that much of the mass has been concentrated
in the abdominal area. This may or may not be true. The
arms and legs of the extreme endomorph are short in length
and taper. This may give the appearance of stalkiness.
The hands and feet of the endomorph are comparatively small,
and the upper arms and thighs are often more developed
than the lower parts of the arms or legs. The body has
a high waist. |
3.
Ectomorph |
This is
the body type that you were born with. The extreme ectomorph
physique is a fragile and delicate one. The bones are light,
joints are small and muscles are slight. The limbs are
relatively long in proportion and the shoulders droop.
The ectomorph is a linear physique, straight up and straight
down and may appear longer than he or she really is, due
to the length of limbs coupled with lack of muscle mass
developed on those limbs. The ectomorph is not naturally
powerful and will have to work hard for every ounce of
muscle and every bit of strength he or she can gain. |
Cardio-respiratory
fitness |
The ability
to deliver and use oxygen under the demands of intensive,
prolonged exercise or work |
Compound
Set |
Sequentially
performing two different exercises for the same muscle
group |
Decline |
Shoulders
lower than hips. |
Dynamic
stretching |
Refers to
the available range of motion during active movements,
and therefore requires voluntary muscle action
|
Extended |
To open
or straighten out.. To stretch or spread out to greater
or fullest length. .To exert vigorously or to full capacity
|
Flexed |
To bend
a joint |
Flexibility |
Range of
motion about a body joint |
Hypertrophy |
The muscular
enlargement that results from resistance training. |
Incline |
Shoulder
higher than hips |
Lactate
Threshold |
The exercise
intensity or relative intensity at which blood lactate
begins an abrupt increase above the baseline concentration |
Multi
joint excercise |
Involvement
of two or more primary joints
|
Maximum
Heart Rate |
Maximum
Heart Rate is the highest number of times your heart can
contract in one minute. Max HR is the most useful tool
to be used in determining training intensities, because
it can be individually measured or predicted. One-Repetition
Maximum - The greatest amount of weight that can be lifted
with proper technique for only one repetition |
Overload |
Refers to
assigning a workout or training regime of greater intensity
than the athlete is accustomed to. |
Overtraining |
Excessive
frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting
in fatigue (which is also due to a lack of proper rest
and recovery) |
Parallel |
Being an
equal distance apart everywhere |
Plateau |
When an
individual's adaptation or performance levels off or gets
worse, a plateau has been reached and retrogression has
occurred. |
Posterior |
Located
behind a part or toward the rear of a structure |
Pronated
grip |
Palms down
and knuckles up, also called the overhand grip |
Rate
of Perceived Exertion |
Used to
regulate intensity. How hard you exercise is measured on
a scale 6 to 20. (6 - No exertion at all and 20 - Maximal
exertion) |
| Recovery |
Period of time it takes your
body and heart rate to go back to normal |
| Repetitions |
The act or process or an instance
of repeating or being repeated |
| Repetition
Maximum |
Most weight lifted for a specified
number of repetitions |
| Resistance
training |
Specialized method of conditioning
that involves the progressive use of resistance to increase
one's ability to exert or resist force. |
| Resting
metabolic rate |
Defined as the energy expended
while an individual is resting quietly in a supine position |
| Retrogression |
Reversal of achieved physiological
adaptation that occurs when training stops (detraining) |
| Single
joint exercises |
Involvement of only one primary
joint |
| Split
routine |
Different muscle groups are
trained on different days. |
| Spotter |
Is someone who assists in
the execution of an exercise to help protect the athlete
from injury. A spotter may also serve to motivate the athlete. |
| Static
stretching |
Range of possible movement
about a joint, and its surrounding muscles during a passive
movement. Requires no voluntary muscular activity, an external
force, such as gravity, a partner or a machine provides the
force for the stretch. |
| Supinated
grip |
Palms up and knuckles down,
also called the underhand grip |
| Supine
position |
Lying face up. |
| Superset |
Involves two exercises that
stress two opposing muscles or muscle areas |
| Target
heart rate |
Target Heart Rate (THR) is
a common way of judging how hard you should exercise during
endurance activities |
| VO2
Max |
The volume of oxygen you can
consume while exercising at your maximum capacity can measure
fitness. VO2 Max is the maximum amount of oxygen in millilitres
one can use in one minute per kilogram of body weight. |